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部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
(1)在以“only+状语”开头的句子中,主谓要倒装。这里only后面必须跟有它修饰的状语或状语从句,这是关键。否则就不倒装。
如:Only then did I realize the importance of English.只在那时我才意识到英语的重要性。
Only in this way can we improve ourselves.只有用这种方法我们才能不断提高自己。
Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb.只是在战争结束后人类才意识到原子弹的可恶。
Only after you finish it can you leave.只有结束它以后,你才能离开。
注意:only如不在句首,或only修饰的不是状语,则不倒装。
如:Only the senior staff are allowed to use this room.只许资深的职员使用这个房间。
Only five passengers survived the accident.事故中只有五位旅客生存了下来。
(2)在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere,hardly…when, no sooner…than, by no means, under no circumstances等开头的句子中,主谓要倒装。这些都是表示否定或半否定意义的词或词组。
如:Never have I come across such a difficult problem.我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。
Hardly did I think it possible.我想这儿乎不可能。
Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them. 我们不但应该不怕困难,而且要尽最大的努力去克服困难。
Not until midnight did it stop raining.直到半夜雨才停。
By no means will this method produce satisfactory results.
这种方法决不会产生令人满意的结果。
如:Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking.他直到失去健康才会戒酒。
(3)在no sooner…than…,hardly/scarcely/barely…when…结构中,前面部分位于句首时,其后的分句要部分倒装(谓语用过去完成时)。
如:Hardly had the baby seen the dog when she cried.那女婴一看到狗就哭了起来。
No sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country.那位翻译刚踏进国门就又受命要去他国。
(4) not only…but also…位于句首引导两个分句时,前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装,第二个分句则不倒装。
如:Not only does he teach in school,but he writes novels.
他不但在学校教书,而且还写小说。
Not only did she speak correctly,but also she spoke fluently.
她不但说得正确,而且说得流利。
(5)以neither或nor开头的句子,表示“……也不”时,用于否定句后表示承接前边的否定,句子倒装。neither与nor意思相同,通常可以互换。Neither,nor用于否定句,通常指前面所说的否定情况也适用于其他人或物?结构是“neither(nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”。
如:I won't do such a thing. Nor/Neither will anyone else.我不会做这样的事,别人也不会。
The first one wasn't good and neither was the second.第一个不好,第二个也不好。
I won't go there. Neither will she.我不会去那里,她也不去。
(6)当连词as表示“虽然,尽管”引导让步状语从句时,句子要倒装,as相当于though,可以替换。
如:Tired as/though he was, he went on working.
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