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英语中有三种冠词:1. 定冠词the 2. 不定冠词a/an 3. 零冠词
三种冠词使用范围:
一、不定冠词a/an
(1)泛指某一类人或事物中的一个。例如:His father is a doctor.
(2)代表某一类人或事物,相当于any(+名词)表示类别。例如:A horse is a useful animal.
(3)指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。例如:This book was written by a worker.
(4)表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈,one可以单独做名词,而a/an不能。例如:Wait a moment.
(5)表示单位,相当于“每”的意思。例如: We have three meals a day.
(6)用于某此固定词组中。例如:a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of have a walk/a rest /a look,in a hurry, make a face, do somebody a favor, a number of, have a good time),have a cold, have a headache, have a break, have a rest,
二、定冠词the
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如: Give me the book.
(2)指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如:Where is the doctor?
(3)再次提到上文提到过的人或事物。例如: I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home.
(4)用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物。例如: The earth is bigger than the moon.
(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如:Mr. Wang teaches the first class.
(6)用在单数可数名词,表示某一类人或事物。例如: The horse is a useful animal.
(7)与专有名词连用
①在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前。例如: the Chang Jiang River, the Great Lake
②在姓氏的复数名词前,表示夫妇二人或全家人。例如:The Greens are sitting at the table.
(8)和某些形容词连用表示一类人。例如:the old/ young the rich/ poor the sick the dead
(9)在一些习惯说法中。例如: the east (west, south, north) in the morning (afternoon, evening) on the left (right) in the end go to the cinema
三、零冠词
(1)在专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词前 Have you ever been to Shanghai?
(2)在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前 Girls can be scientists.
(3)在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前 It is hot in summer.
(4)称呼语或表示头衔,职务的名词前What’s the matter with you, Mike?
(5)学科和球类运动的名称前 We study English.
(6)名词前已有定语this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代词
That is her bike.
(7)在某些固定词组的名词前
at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of, go to school, go to bed
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