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定语从句概念理解
I saw a girl.
主语谓语宾语
I saw a beautiful girl .
主语谓语定语(词)宾语
I saw a girl who is beautiful.
主语谓语宾语定语从句
二、关系词具体分析
1. 举例分析
I saw a girl who is beautiful .
分析:who is beautiful修饰girl, girl是先行词,who把前后两部分联系起来,使前后产生关系,为关系词。
2. 关系词有关系代词和关系副词两类。
关系代词:who、whom、whose、that、which、
关系副词:when、where、why
3. 词类辨别
什么时候用关系代词,什么时候用关系副词呢?要看从句的成分是否完整。
Tom lived in a small house that/which his parents gave him.
Tom lived in a small house where his parents lived too. (in which)
两个相似的句子,我们来看从句,第一句his parents gave him是缺少宾语的,所以填的关系词就要充当宾语,也就是要找一个词来代替这个宾语,所以要用关系代词。而第二个句子从句是完整的,不需要代替的了,这样的情况就要填关系副词。
I will remember the days that/which we spent together.
I will remember the days when we join the army.
4. 关系代词逐词辩析
第一组:
Who 在从句中作主语或宾语,指人。 I saw the boy who has a lovely dog.
I saw the boy whom/who you are looking for.
Whom 在从句中作宾语,指人。 I saw the boy whom you are looking for.
Whose 在从句中作定语 I saw the boy whose father is a famous actor.
第二组:
which 和that
当先行词是物时,(that只能指人)不管在从句中是作主语还是宾语,经常可以用which或that,通常情况下二者是可以互换的。
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