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动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词,由“动词原形+-ing”构成。
1.动名词的功能句法
(1)作主语
①动名词作主语通常表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。
如:Painting is his hobby.绘画是他的爱好。
②动名词作主语和不定式作主语一样,也可以用it作形式主语。
如:It is no use talking without doing.光说不做没有用。
③不定式作主语通常表示具体的特别是将来的动作。
如:It's so hot. What l want to do now is to have a swim in a river.
天这么热,现在我想做的事是在河里游泳。
(2)作表语
动名词作表语用来表示主语的内容,主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。
如:My favorite sport is swimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
(3)作宾语的动名词
①英语中有些及物动词只能接-ing形式的宾语。熟记这些动词对正确使用语言有很大帮助。这些动词有:mind, miss, enjoy, escape, practise, suggest, keep, avoid, appreciate, advise, admit, risk, finish, imagine等。
②用动名词作宾语,而用不定式作宾补的四个动词:advise,allow,permit,encourage。
③有些动词既可用不定式也可用动名词作宾语,但意义上有差别。这些动词有:remember,forget,stop, mean, try, regret, learn, go on.
a.remember/forget/regret+to do表示没有做的动作/+doing表示已做的动作
如:Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room.
I remembered turning off the lights when I left the room.
b.stop+to do停下来做另一件事/+doing停止正在做的事
如:Every half an hour my uncle would stop to have a smoke.
As soon as Bob saw me, he stopped talking to his girlfriend and came over.
c.try+to do努力做/+doing试一试
如:I have tried to make friends with him, but he seems not to care.
If no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door or windows.
d.mean+to do打算做某事/+doing意味着做某事
e.learn+to do准备学做/+doing正学习着在做
f.go on+to do接着做另一件不同的事/+doing继续把同一件事做下去
④need,demand,want,require表示“需要”;be(well) worth doing表示“值得做”。它们的用法是:用主动形式来表示被动含义。
如:Your shoes need cleaning.=Your shoes need to be cleaned.你的鞋需要清洗一下了。
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